{"id":1756,"date":"2023-06-05T05:32:55","date_gmt":"2024-11-28T23:25:05","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-02-02T00:46:17","modified_gmt":"2025-02-01T23:46:17","slug":"como-configurar-um-cluster-kubernetes-com-kubeadm-no-debian-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/netcloud24.com\/knowledgebase\/como-configurar-um-cluster-kubernetes-com-kubeadm-no-debian-11\/","title":{"rendered":"Como configurar um cluster Kubernetes com Kubeadm no Debian 11"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<header>\n<h1>\u00a0<\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<section>\n<h2>Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<p>Kubernetes \u00e9 uma poderosa plataforma de c\u00f3digo aberto que automatiza o gerenciamento de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es em cont\u00eaineres. O Kubeadm \u00e9 uma ferramenta que simplifica a instala\u00e7\u00e3o do Kubernetes. Neste tutorial, voc\u00ea aprender\u00e1 a configurar um cluster Kubernetes com Kubeadm no Debian 11.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Pr\u00e9-requisitos<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Dois ou mais servidores rodando Debian 11 (um mestre e pelo menos um n\u00f3 de trabalho).<\/li>\n<li>Acesso root ou privil\u00e9gios sudo em todos os servidores.<\/li>\n<li>Rede configurada entre os servidores.<\/li>\n<li>Um <a href=\"https:\/\/netcloud24.com?language=portuguese-pt&amp;currency=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"follow\">servidor VPS<\/a> para cada n\u00f3, garantindo desempenho e escalabilidade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Passo 1: Atualizar os pacotes do sistema<\/h2>\n<p>Antes de come\u00e7ar, atualize os pacotes do sistema em todos os servidores:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Passo 2: Desabilitar o Swap<\/h2>\n<p>Kubernetes requer que o swap esteja desabilitado. Execute o comando abaixo para desabilitar o swap temporariamente:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo swapoff -a<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Para desativar permanentemente, edite o arquivo <code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code> e comente a linha referente ao swap:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo nano \/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Passo 3: Instalar pacotes necess\u00e1rios<\/h2>\n<p>Instale pacotes necess\u00e1rios como o <code>apt-transport-https<\/code>, o <code>curl<\/code>, e o <code>ca-certificates<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Passo 4: Adicionar o reposit\u00f3rio do Kubernetes<\/h2>\n<p>Adicione a chave GPG e o reposit\u00f3rio do Kubernetes:<\/p>\n<pre><code>curl -s https:\/\/packages.cloud.google.com\/apt\/doc\/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -\r\necho \"deb http:\/\/apt.kubernetes.io\/ kubernetes-xenial main\" | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/kubernetes.list<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Atualize a lista de pacotes:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Passo 5: Instalar Kubeadm, Kubelet e Kubectl<\/h2>\n<p>Agora, instale o <code>kubeadm<\/code>, <code>kubelet<\/code> e <code>kubectl<\/code> com o seguinte comando:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt install -y kubeadm kubelet kubectl<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Habilite o kubelet para iniciar automaticamente no boot:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo systemctl enable kubelet<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Passo 6: Configurar par\u00e2metros do kernel<\/h2>\n<p>Configure os par\u00e2metros do kernel necess\u00e1rios para o Kubernetes. Crie um arquivo de configura\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo tee \/etc\/sysctl.d\/kubernetes.conf &lt;&lt;EOF\r\nnet.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1\r\nnet.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1\r\nEOF<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Carregue as configura\u00e7\u00f5es:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo sysctl --system<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Passo 7: Inicializar o cluster no n\u00f3 mestre<\/h2>\n<p>No servidor mestre, inicie o cluster com o seguinte comando. O par\u00e2metro <code>--pod-network-cidr<\/code> define a rede de pods:<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0\/16<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ap\u00f3s a inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o, voc\u00ea ver\u00e1 instru\u00e7\u00f5es para configurar o <code>kubectl<\/code> para o usu\u00e1rio atual. Execute os comandos abaixo para configurar o acesso ao cluster:<\/p>\n<pre><code>mkdir -p $HOME\/.kube\r\nsudo cp -i \/etc\/kubernetes\/admin.conf $HOME\/.kube\/config\r\nsudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME\/.kube\/config<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Passo 8: Instalar uma rede de pod (Calico)<\/h2>\n<p>Agora, instale a rede de pods no cluster. Vamos usar o Calico, que \u00e9 uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o de rede popular para Kubernetes:<\/p>\n<pre><code>kubectl apply -f https:\/\/docs.projectcalico.org\/manifests\/calico.yaml<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Passo 9: Adicionar n\u00f3s de trabalho ao cluster<\/h2>\n<p>Para adicionar n\u00f3s de trabalho ao cluster, obtenha o comando de jun\u00e7\u00e3o no servidor mestre:<\/p>\n<pre><code>kubeadm token create --print-join-command<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Este comando ir\u00e1 gerar um token e instru\u00e7\u00f5es para adicionar os n\u00f3s de trabalho. No n\u00f3 de trabalho, execute o comando gerado para unir o n\u00f3 ao cluster.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Passo 10: Verificar o cluster<\/h2>\n<p>Verifique se os n\u00f3s est\u00e3o conectados e funcionando corretamente no servidor mestre:<\/p>\n<pre><code>kubectl get nodes<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Voc\u00ea deve ver o mestre e os n\u00f3s de trabalho listados como &#8220;Ready&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Conclus\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<p>Parab\u00e9ns! Voc\u00ea configurou com sucesso um cluster Kubernetes usando Kubeadm no Debian 11. Com o cluster em funcionamento, agora voc\u00ea pode come\u00e7ar a implantar e gerenciar cont\u00eaineres em escala. Se precisar de um ambiente est\u00e1vel e escal\u00e1vel, considere usar um <a href=\"https:\/\/netcloud24.com?language=portuguese-pt&amp;currency=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"follow\">servidor VPS<\/a> de alto desempenho.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/de.netcloud24.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Windows VPS Deutschland<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/es.netcloud24.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Windows VPS Espa\u00f1a<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/nl.netcloud24.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Windows VPS Nederland<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/it.netcloud24.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Windows VPS Italia<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pt.netcloud24.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Windows VPS Portugal<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/it.netcloud24.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">VPS Windows Italia<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ie.netcloud24.com\" target=\"_blank\">Windows VPS<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ie.netcloud24.com\" target=\"_blank\">Windows VPS<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ie.netcloud24.com\" target=\"_blank\">Windows VPS Sverige<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ie.netcloud24.com\" target=\"_blank\">Windows VPS Norge<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ie.netcloud24.com\" target=\"_blank\">Windows VPS<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ie.netcloud24.com\" target=\"_blank\">Windows VPS T\u00fcrkiye<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ie.netcloud24.com\" target=\"_blank\">Windows RDS (Remote Desktop Services)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ie.netcloud24.com\" target=\"_blank\">Windows VPS<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"post-author-box\" style=\"border-top:1px solid #ddd;margin-top:20px;padding-top:15px;\">\n<p><strong>Author:<\/strong> \u0141ukasz Bodziony<\/p>\n<p><strong>Website:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/ca.netcloud24.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\">Windows VPS<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0141ukasz Bodziony is the CEO and founder of <a href=\"https:\/\/netcloud24.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\">NETCLOUD24<\/a>, a global VPS hosting brand proudly originating from Poland. With extensive experience in cloud computing, virtualization, and server management, he delivers high-performance <strong>Windows VPS<\/strong> and <strong>Remote Desktop Services (RDS)<\/strong> solutions to clients across Europe, North America, and beyond.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>His expertise covers a wide range of technologies, including <strong>Microsoft Azure<\/strong>, <strong>Proxmox VE<\/strong>, <strong>Amazon Web Services (AWS)<\/strong>, and numerous other virtualization and cloud platforms.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Beyond running his hosting business, \u0141ukasz also provides <strong>professional paid server configuration and optimization services<\/strong> for companies and individuals. Outside of work, he is dedicated to caring for his children and building a secure future for them.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>If you are interested in working with him or need expert assistance with your hosting, cloud environment, or server setup, feel free to reach out via <a href=\"https:\/\/ca.netcloud24.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\">Windows VPS<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o Kubernetes \u00e9 uma poderosa plataforma de c\u00f3digo aberto que automatiza o gerenciamento de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es em cont\u00eaineres. O Kubeadm \u00e9 uma ferramenta que simplifica a instala\u00e7\u00e3o\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3421,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[],"tags":[14,12,11,23,20,21,22,17,7,8,6,10,18,19,15,24,16,5,13,9],"class_list":["post-1756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-cheapvps","tag-cloudvps","tag-hostingvps","tag-rds","tag-rdscal","tag-remotedesktop","tag-remotedesktopvps","tag-servervps","tag-ukvps","tag-virtualserver","tag-vpshosting","tag-vpsserver","tag-vpssolutions","tag-vpswindows","tag-vpswithwindows","tag-windowsrds","tag-windowsserver","tag-windowsvps","tag-windowsvpshosting","tag-windowsvpsuk"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/netcloud24.com\/knowledgebase\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/netcloud24.com\/knowledgebase\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/netcloud24.com\/knowledgebase\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netcloud24.com\/knowledgebase\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netcloud24.com\/knowledgebase\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1756"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/netcloud24.com\/knowledgebase\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netcloud24.com\/knowledgebase\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/netcloud24.com\/knowledgebase\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netcloud24.com\/knowledgebase\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netcloud24.com\/knowledgebase\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}